Glaze type · Traditions & specialties
Shino
Across 301 published recipes: mostly cone 10 and cone 9, fired in reduction and oxidation; Glossy, opaque.
Atmosphere
reduction 66% · oxidation 20% · wood 10% · salt & soda 5%
Surface
Glossy 44% · Semi-glossy 27% · Satin 17% · Satin matte 10% · Matte 3%
Transparency
opaque 64% · semi-opaque 29% · translucent 6% · transparent 1%
Materials that define it
Share of recipes containing each material, and the typical amount when present. Materials link to their reference pages.
| Material | In recipes | Typical | Half of recipes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nepheline syenite | 88% | 45% | 39.05–53.9% |
| Soda ash | 65% | 4.55% | 3.93–8% |
| Ball clay | 64% | 15% | 12.5–17% |
| Spodumene | 64% | 16% | 13–29.12% |
| EPK | 52% | 10% | 5–17% |
| Kona F-4 feldspar | 27% | 11% | 10–18.4% |
| Bentonite | 25% | 2% | 2–3.72% |
| Kaolin | 14% | 13% | 9–18.2% |
| Silica | 14% | 9.38% | 5.29–10% |
| Tin oxide | 12% | 4.7% | 3.23–5.56% |
| Lithium carbonate | 11% | 6% | 4.95–8% |
| Red iron oxide | 9.3% | 1.07% | 0.5–2% |
| Soda feldspar | 8.3% | 15% | 10.07–35% |
| Alumina | 6.3% | 29.2% | 12.5–30% |
Typical fired chemistry
Median oxide analysis (weight %) across the recipes that report one, with the interquartile range. Silica and alumina set the melt; the fluxes and colorants make the family.
| Oxide | Median | Half of recipes |
|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 56.3% | 52.22–58.52% |
| Al2O3 | 23.05% | 21.59–24.3% |
| Na2O | 7.22% | 5.76–7.89% |
| K2O | 2.66% | 2.16–3.19% |
| Li2O | 1.53% | 1.08–2.34% |
| CaO | 0.54% | 0.38–0.7% |
Related types
Questions
- What is a Shino glaze?
- In 301 published recipes, Shino glazes are mostly fired to cone 10 and cone 9 in reduction and oxidation, with a Glossy, opaque result. The defining materials are Nepheline syenite, Soda ash, Ball clay, Spodumene, EPK.
- What cone is Shino fired to?
- The most common cones in published recipes are cone 10 and cone 9; the full distribution is on this page. Atmosphere matters as much as cone for this family: reduction and oxidation.
- What is the typical chemistry of a Shino glaze?
- Median fired analysis: SiO2 56.3%, Al2O3 23.05%, Na2O 7.22%, K2O 2.66%, Li2O 1.53%, CaO 0.54%. Treat these as the centre of a range, not a target — the same family spans different fluxes and cones.
Sources. Every figure is a statistic computed by Claybench over 10,859 glaze recipes compiled from publicly shared community recipe collections (snapshot 2026-02-27); no recipe is reproduced. Colour-chemistry notes are paraphrased from Linda Arbuckle's Ceramic Materials handout.
Colorant and flux notes touch on materials with handling hazards (barium, cobalt, chrome, manganese, lead in historic recipes). Read each material's page and its supplier SDS before mixing; test any food surface.
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