Glaze type · Iron glazes
Celadon
Across 411 published recipes: mostly cone 10 and cone 9, fired in reduction and oxidation; Glossy, translucent.
Materials that define it
Share of recipes containing each material, and the typical amount when present. Materials link to their reference pages.
| Material | In recipes | Typical | Half of recipes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silica | 79% | 25.1% | 20.35–30.36% |
| Whiting | 66% | 18% | 14–20.7% |
| Red iron oxide | 55% | 1.5% | 1–2.24% |
| Custer feldspar | 33% | 33% | 25.4–43.5% |
| EPK | 33% | 10% | 6.71–18.97% |
| Potash feldspar | 24% | 30.81% | 24.5–41% |
| Bentonite | 21% | 2% | 2–3% |
| Kaolin | 18% | 10% | 6.6–19.8% |
| Wollastonite | 18% | 20% | 14.32–23.8% |
| Barium carbonate | 16% | 4.8% | 2.03–14.25% |
| Dolomite | 15% | 5.05% | 3–7.38% |
| Grolleg kaolin | 12% | 14.5% | 10–18.32% |
| Talc | 11% | 3.53% | 3–5% |
| Ball clay | 11% | 15.5% | 10–20.5% |
Typical fired chemistry
Median oxide analysis (weight %) across the recipes that report one, with the interquartile range. Silica and alumina set the melt; the fluxes and colorants make the family.
| Oxide | Median | Half of recipes |
|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 59.7% | 56.32–63.33% |
| Al2O3 | 11.48% | 10.32–12.92% |
| Na2O | 1.21% | 0.72–2.08% |
| K2O | 3.3% | 2.38–4.46% |
| CaO | 10.88% | 9.12–12.78% |
| Fe2O3 | 1.1% | 0.63–2% |
What potters should know
Roughly ½–3% iron with some calcium, fired in reduction, gives the celadon range — the figures above say the same thing in the aggregate.
Related types
Questions
- What is a Celadon glaze?
- In 411 published recipes, Celadon glazes are mostly fired to cone 10 and cone 9 in reduction and oxidation, with a Glossy, translucent result. The defining materials are Silica, Whiting, Red iron oxide, Custer feldspar, EPK.
- What cone is Celadon fired to?
- The most common cones in published recipes are cone 10 and cone 9; the full distribution is on this page. Atmosphere matters as much as cone for this family: reduction and oxidation.
- What is the typical chemistry of a Celadon glaze?
- Median fired analysis: SiO2 59.7%, Al2O3 11.48%, Na2O 1.21%, K2O 3.3%, CaO 10.88%, Fe2O3 1.1%. Treat these as the centre of a range, not a target — the same family spans different fluxes and cones.
Sources. Every figure is a statistic computed by Claybench over 10,859 glaze recipes compiled from publicly shared community recipe collections (snapshot 2026-02-27); no recipe is reproduced. Colour-chemistry notes are paraphrased from Linda Arbuckle's Ceramic Materials handout.
Colorant and flux notes touch on materials with handling hazards (barium, cobalt, chrome, manganese, lead in historic recipes). Read each material's page and its supplier SDS before mixing; test any food surface.
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Recipes, materials, hazards and cone fit — the same reference behind this page, inside the studio planner.